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58 minutes ago
Sunset over Sydney by Tim Rim from stock xchng
Green spaces, trees and bodies of water are must-have design features for future development in Sydney's suburbs after researchers found that by 2050 global warming combined with Sydney's urban heat island effect could increase temperatures by up to 3.7°C.
The researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science found new urban developments, such as the multitude of new estates on Sydney edges expected to house more than 100,000 residents, were prone to the greatest temperature increases.
"Interestingly, we found that overnight temperatures increased far more than temperatures during the day," said lead author from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science Dr Daniel Argueso.
"This has implications for health problems related to heat stress accumulation and at an economic level where the higher energy consumption needed to power air conditioning overnight may lead to higher power bills."
The urban heat island effect occurs because urban structures can store more heat than open ground. This accumulated heat is released during the night, which is why nighttime temperatures increase even more than daytime temperatures.
At the same time urban surfaces hinder evaporation and its cooling effect, adding another layer to the heating of urban areas.
New areas on the fringes of Sydney could see temperatures rise between 1.1-3.7°C, while the rural areas near these new suburbs could see increases of 0.8-2.6°C. Existing urban areas closer to the CBD will see likely rises of 1.1-2.5°C.
Changes to planning guidelines could ease the heat impact, said Dr Paul Osmond from the University of New South Wales Built Environment.
"Current research shows that along with other strategies green spaces, street trees and bodies of water can have a marked effect on reducing urban heat island effect," said Dr Osmond.
"Not only do these help keep suburbs cooler, there is also a knock-on effect where these places gain social advantages through additional amenities and recreational areas. Quite often, leafy suburbs that contain a number of parks and bodies of water also tend to see increased real estate values. It's a win-win situation for everyone."
While the regions most affected by this increase in temperature will be new developments on the periphery of Sydney's urban area, it doesn't mean areas closer to the CBD won't see increases in the impacts.
Previous studies have shown that density, in particular vertical expansion, plays an important role in the urban heat island effect. As global warming develops, urban designers will also have to consider ways to ease this likely heat increase.
Importantly, while this research was focused on Sydney it has lessons for cities right across Australia. The mechanisms that cause warmer nights in Sydney are applicable to any city with similar characteristics and can be solved in similar ways.
However, Australia's regional climatic variability means scientists will need to extend their research to other cities to better understand their climatic characteristics and get a more comprehensive understanding of urban impacts on local temperature.
"We need to develop a complete profile of temperature changes for different cities taking into account their various urban expansion prospects and locations," Dr Argueso said.
"With this information, we can provide an invaluable tool to help with the future development of Australian cities and the environment many of us live in."
More information: Temperature response to future urbanization and climate change, DOI:10.1007/s00382-013-1789-6
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© Phys.org™ 2003-2013
- Nanotechnology
- Physics
- All Physics
- General Physics
- Condensed Matter
- Optics & Photonics
- Superconductivity
- Plasma Physics
- Soft Matter
- Quantum Physics
- Space & Earth
- Electronics
- Technology
- All Technology
- Internet
- Software
- Business
- Engineering
- Semiconductors
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58 minutes ago
Sunset over Sydney by Tim Rim from stock xchng
Green spaces, trees and bodies of water are must-have design features for future development in Sydney's suburbs after researchers found that by 2050 global warming combined with Sydney's urban heat island effect could increase temperatures by up to 3.7°C.
The researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science found new urban developments, such as the multitude of new estates on Sydney edges expected to house more than 100,000 residents, were prone to the greatest temperature increases.
"Interestingly, we found that overnight temperatures increased far more than temperatures during the day," said lead author from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science Dr Daniel Argueso.
"This has implications for health problems related to heat stress accumulation and at an economic level where the higher energy consumption needed to power air conditioning overnight may lead to higher power bills."
The urban heat island effect occurs because urban structures can store more heat than open ground. This accumulated heat is released during the night, which is why nighttime temperatures increase even more than daytime temperatures.
At the same time urban surfaces hinder evaporation and its cooling effect, adding another layer to the heating of urban areas.
New areas on the fringes of Sydney could see temperatures rise between 1.1-3.7°C, while the rural areas near these new suburbs could see increases of 0.8-2.6°C. Existing urban areas closer to the CBD will see likely rises of 1.1-2.5°C.
Changes to planning guidelines could ease the heat impact, said Dr Paul Osmond from the University of New South Wales Built Environment.
"Current research shows that along with other strategies green spaces, street trees and bodies of water can have a marked effect on reducing urban heat island effect," said Dr Osmond.
"Not only do these help keep suburbs cooler, there is also a knock-on effect where these places gain social advantages through additional amenities and recreational areas. Quite often, leafy suburbs that contain a number of parks and bodies of water also tend to see increased real estate values. It's a win-win situation for everyone."
While the regions most affected by this increase in temperature will be new developments on the periphery of Sydney's urban area, it doesn't mean areas closer to the CBD won't see increases in the impacts.
Previous studies have shown that density, in particular vertical expansion, plays an important role in the urban heat island effect. As global warming develops, urban designers will also have to consider ways to ease this likely heat increase.
Importantly, while this research was focused on Sydney it has lessons for cities right across Australia. The mechanisms that cause warmer nights in Sydney are applicable to any city with similar characteristics and can be solved in similar ways.
However, Australia's regional climatic variability means scientists will need to extend their research to other cities to better understand their climatic characteristics and get a more comprehensive understanding of urban impacts on local temperature.
"We need to develop a complete profile of temperature changes for different cities taking into account their various urban expansion prospects and locations," Dr Argueso said.
"With this information, we can provide an invaluable tool to help with the future development of Australian cities and the environment many of us live in."
More information: Temperature response to future urbanization and climate change, DOI:10.1007/s00382-013-1789-6
variation of EM radiation(Sun) in different latitudes
Jul 06, 2013So we know that there is variation of EM radiation in different latitudes we receive from Sun. My question is, it same through all EM radiation like... Geostatistics: Power Law
Jun 23, 2013Many natural hazards or geological phenomena satisfy power-law (fractal) frequency-size statistics to a good approximation for medium and large... What draws you to the earth sciences?
Jun 22, 2013Earth scientists of PF, why did you choose this field? When did you realize you wanted to study the earth? It seems that many people don't find an... kind of condensation nucleus
Jun 22, 2013i will experiment about condensation nucleus. ( make cloud artificial. is my topic ) in my experiment i need high efficiency of condensation... Geo classes for a physics major?
Jun 16, 2013I'm a physics major currently doing an REU in seismology, and I'm really enjoying it. I think I've finally found the field I'd like to pursue in grad... Causes for 1 meter of clay over meters of sand
Jun 13, 2013In the yards of my neighborhood there is about 1 meter of a light brown clay over meters of sand. I'm curious what causes this geology. This is in... More from Physics Forums - Earth
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(Phys.org) —In a recent National Science Foundation article, several sustainability scientists from the Global Institute of Sustainability and ASU's Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CA ...
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(Phys.org)—As Melbourne swelters through another heat wave, scientists are using thermal imaging to work out how plants can be used to reduce the severe temperatures in our cities.
'Build parks to climate proof our cities'
Scientists looking at the effect global warming will have on our major cities say a modest increase in the number of urban parks and street trees could offset decades of predicted temperature rises.
Study finds heat key factor in population growth of some urban insect pests
(Phys.org) —New research from North Carolina State University finds that higher temperatures found in urban environments are a key contributor to higher populations of insect pests called scale insects ...
Insect pests more plentiful in hotter parts of city than in cooler areas
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Less haze in Singapore as the cause becomes clearer and more complex
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Toxic radiation 'in groundwater' at Fukushima
Toxic radioactive substances have once again been detected in groundwater at the crippled Fukushima nuclear plant, its Japanese operator said on Sunday, the latest in a series of incidents at the tsunami-battered ...
Dangerous chemicals found in south China river
(AP)—Residents and water plants along a river in southern China that is used as a drinking source have been warned not to use the river's water after authorities detected excessive amounts of two dangerous chemicals.
User comments : 0
More news stories
Earthworms could help scientists 'dig' into past climates
A team of UK researchers believe earthworms could provide a window into past climates, allowing scientists to piece together the prevailing weather conditions thousands of years ago.
Temperature increases causing tropical forests to blossom
A new study led by Florida State University researcher Stephanie Pau shows that tropical forests are producing more flowers in response to only slight increases in temperature.
Improved interpretation of volcanic traces in ice
How severely have volcanoes contaminated the atmosphere with sulfur particles in past millennia? To answer this question, scientists use ice cores, among others, as climate archives. But the results differ, ...
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Melting in the Afar helps scientists understand how oceans form
Lavas from the Afar Depression in Ethiopia, where three tectonic plates are spreading apart, have given scientists a new insight into how ocean basins form.
Not-weak knots bolster carbon fiber: New material created with graphene oxide flakes
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(Phys.org) —Lithium ion batteries are at the energetic heart of almost all things tech, from cell phones to tablets to electric vehicles. That's because they are a proven technology, light, long-lasting ...
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© Phys.org™ 2003-2013
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